FFMPEG-UTILS(1) 					       FFMPEG-UTILS(1)

NAME
       ffmpeg-utils - FFmpeg utilities

DESCRIPTION
       This document describes some generic features and utilities provided by
       the libavutil library.

SYNTAX
       This section documents the syntax and formats employed by the FFmpeg
       libraries and tools.

   Quoting and escaping
       FFmpeg adopts the following quoting and escaping mechanism, unless
       explicitly specified. The following rules are applied:

       ·   ' and \ are special characters (respectively used for quoting and
	   escaping). In addition to them, there might be other special
	   characters depending on the specific syntax where the escaping and
	   quoting are employed.

       ·   A special character is escaped by prefixing it with a \.

       ·   All characters enclosed between '' are included literally in the
	   parsed string. The quote character ' itself cannot be quoted, so
	   you may need to close the quote and escape it.

       ·   Leading and trailing whitespaces, unless escaped or quoted, are
	   removed from the parsed string.

       Note that you may need to add a second level of escaping when using the
       command line or a script, which depends on the syntax of the adopted
       shell language.

       The function "av_get_token" defined in libavutil/avstring.h can be used
       to parse a token quoted or escaped according to the rules defined
       above.

       The tool tools/ffescape in the FFmpeg source tree can be used to
       automatically quote or escape a string in a script.

       Examples

       ·   Escape the string "Crime d'Amour" containing the "'" special
	   character:

		   Crime d\'Amour

       ·   The string above contains a quote, so the "'" needs to be escaped
	   when quoting it:

		   'Crime d'\''Amour'

       ·   Include leading or trailing whitespaces using quoting:

		   '  this string starts and ends with whitespaces  '

       ·   Escaping and quoting can be mixed together:

		   ' The string '\'string\'' is a string '

       ·   To include a literal \ you can use either escaping or quoting:

		   'c:\foo' can be written as c:\\foo

   Date
       The accepted syntax is:

	       [(YYYY-MM-DD|YYYYMMDD)[T|t| ]]((HH:MM:SS[.m...]]])|(HHMMSS[.m...]]]))[Z]
	       now

       If the value is "now" it takes the current time.

       Time is local time unless Z is appended, in which case it is
       interpreted as UTC.  If the year-month-day part is not specified it
       takes the current year-month-day.

   Time duration
       There are two accepted syntaxes for expressing time duration.

	       [-][<HH>:]<MM>:<SS>[.<m>...]

       HH expresses the number of hours, MM the number of minutes for a
       maximum of 2 digits, and SS the number of seconds for a maximum of 2
       digits. The m at the end expresses decimal value for SS.

       or

	       [-]<S>+[.<m>...]

       S expresses the number of seconds, with the optional decimal part m.

       In both expressions, the optional - indicates negative duration.

       Examples

       The following examples are all valid time duration:

       55  55 seconds

       12:03:45
	   12 hours, 03 minutes and 45 seconds

       23.189
	   23.189 seconds

   Video size
       Specify the size of the sourced video, it may be a string of the form
       widthxheight, or the name of a size abbreviation.

       The following abbreviations are recognized:

       ntsc
	   720x480

       pal 720x576

       qntsc
	   352x240

       qpal
	   352x288

       sntsc
	   640x480

       spal
	   768x576

       film
	   352x240

       ntsc-film
	   352x240

       sqcif
	   128x96

       qcif
	   176x144

       cif 352x288

       4cif
	   704x576

       16cif
	   1408x1152

       qqvga
	   160x120

       qvga
	   320x240

       vga 640x480

       svga
	   800x600

       xga 1024x768

       uxga
	   1600x1200

       qxga
	   2048x1536

       sxga
	   1280x1024

       qsxga
	   2560x2048

       hsxga
	   5120x4096

       wvga
	   852x480

       wxga
	   1366x768

       wsxga
	   1600x1024

       wuxga
	   1920x1200

       woxga
	   2560x1600

       wqsxga
	   3200x2048

       wquxga
	   3840x2400

       whsxga
	   6400x4096

       whuxga
	   7680x4800

       cga 320x200

       ega 640x350

       hd480
	   852x480

       hd720
	   1280x720

       hd1080
	   1920x1080

       2k  2048x1080

       2kflat
	   1998x1080

       2kscope
	   2048x858

       4k  4096x2160

       4kflat
	   3996x2160

       4kscope
	   4096x1716

       nhd 640x360

       hqvga
	   240x160

       wqvga
	   400x240

       fwqvga
	   432x240

       hvga
	   480x320

       qhd 960x540

       2kdci
	   2048x1080

       4kdci
	   4096x2160

       uhd2160
	   3840x2160

       uhd4320
	   7680x4320

   Video rate
       Specify the frame rate of a video, expressed as the number of frames
       generated per second. It has to be a string in the format
       frame_rate_num/frame_rate_den, an integer number, a float number or a
       valid video frame rate abbreviation.

       The following abbreviations are recognized:

       ntsc
	   30000/1001

       pal 25/1

       qntsc
	   30000/1001

       qpal
	   25/1

       sntsc
	   30000/1001

       spal
	   25/1

       film
	   24/1

       ntsc-film
	   24000/1001

   Ratio
       A ratio can be expressed as an expression, or in the form
       numerator:denominator.

       Note that a ratio with infinite (1/0) or negative value is considered
       valid, so you should check on the returned value if you want to exclude
       those values.

       The undefined value can be expressed using the "0:0" string.

   Color
       It can be the name of a color as defined below (case insensitive match)
       or a "[0x|#]RRGGBB[AA]" sequence, possibly followed by @ and a string
       representing the alpha component.

       The alpha component may be a string composed by "0x" followed by an
       hexadecimal number or a decimal number between 0.0 and 1.0, which
       represents the opacity value (0x00 or 0.0 means completely transparent,
       0xff or 1.0 completely opaque). If the alpha component is not specified
       then 0xff is assumed.

       The string random will result in a random color.

       The following names of colors are recognized:

       AliceBlue
	   0xF0F8FF

       AntiqueWhite
	   0xFAEBD7

       Aqua
	   0x00FFFF

       Aquamarine
	   0x7FFFD4

       Azure
	   0xF0FFFF

       Beige
	   0xF5F5DC

       Bisque
	   0xFFE4C4

       Black
	   0x000000

       BlanchedAlmond
	   0xFFEBCD

       Blue
	   0x0000FF

       BlueViolet
	   0x8A2BE2

       Brown
	   0xA52A2A

       BurlyWood
	   0xDEB887

       CadetBlue
	   0x5F9EA0

       Chartreuse
	   0x7FFF00

       Chocolate
	   0xD2691E

       Coral
	   0xFF7F50

       CornflowerBlue
	   0x6495ED

       Cornsilk
	   0xFFF8DC

       Crimson
	   0xDC143C

       Cyan
	   0x00FFFF

       DarkBlue
	   0x00008B

       DarkCyan
	   0x008B8B

       DarkGoldenRod
	   0xB8860B

       DarkGray
	   0xA9A9A9

       DarkGreen
	   0x006400

       DarkKhaki
	   0xBDB76B

       DarkMagenta
	   0x8B008B

       DarkOliveGreen
	   0x556B2F

       Darkorange
	   0xFF8C00

       DarkOrchid
	   0x9932CC

       DarkRed
	   0x8B0000

       DarkSalmon
	   0xE9967A

       DarkSeaGreen
	   0x8FBC8F

       DarkSlateBlue
	   0x483D8B

       DarkSlateGray
	   0x2F4F4F

       DarkTurquoise
	   0x00CED1

       DarkViolet
	   0x9400D3

       DeepPink
	   0xFF1493

       DeepSkyBlue
	   0x00BFFF

       DimGray
	   0x696969

       DodgerBlue
	   0x1E90FF

       FireBrick
	   0xB22222

       FloralWhite
	   0xFFFAF0

       ForestGreen
	   0x228B22

       Fuchsia
	   0xFF00FF

       Gainsboro
	   0xDCDCDC

       GhostWhite
	   0xF8F8FF

       Gold
	   0xFFD700

       GoldenRod
	   0xDAA520

       Gray
	   0x808080

       Green
	   0x008000

       GreenYellow
	   0xADFF2F

       HoneyDew
	   0xF0FFF0

       HotPink
	   0xFF69B4

       IndianRed
	   0xCD5C5C

       Indigo
	   0x4B0082

       Ivory
	   0xFFFFF0

       Khaki
	   0xF0E68C

       Lavender
	   0xE6E6FA

       LavenderBlush
	   0xFFF0F5

       LawnGreen
	   0x7CFC00

       LemonChiffon
	   0xFFFACD

       LightBlue
	   0xADD8E6

       LightCoral
	   0xF08080

       LightCyan
	   0xE0FFFF

       LightGoldenRodYellow
	   0xFAFAD2

       LightGreen
	   0x90EE90

       LightGrey
	   0xD3D3D3

       LightPink
	   0xFFB6C1

       LightSalmon
	   0xFFA07A

       LightSeaGreen
	   0x20B2AA

       LightSkyBlue
	   0x87CEFA

       LightSlateGray
	   0x778899

       LightSteelBlue
	   0xB0C4DE

       LightYellow
	   0xFFFFE0

       Lime
	   0x00FF00

       LimeGreen
	   0x32CD32

       Linen
	   0xFAF0E6

       Magenta
	   0xFF00FF

       Maroon
	   0x800000

       MediumAquaMarine
	   0x66CDAA

       MediumBlue
	   0x0000CD

       MediumOrchid
	   0xBA55D3

       MediumPurple
	   0x9370D8

       MediumSeaGreen
	   0x3CB371

       MediumSlateBlue
	   0x7B68EE

       MediumSpringGreen
	   0x00FA9A

       MediumTurquoise
	   0x48D1CC

       MediumVioletRed
	   0xC71585

       MidnightBlue
	   0x191970

       MintCream
	   0xF5FFFA

       MistyRose
	   0xFFE4E1

       Moccasin
	   0xFFE4B5

       NavajoWhite
	   0xFFDEAD

       Navy
	   0x000080

       OldLace
	   0xFDF5E6

       Olive
	   0x808000

       OliveDrab
	   0x6B8E23

       Orange
	   0xFFA500

       OrangeRed
	   0xFF4500

       Orchid
	   0xDA70D6

       PaleGoldenRod
	   0xEEE8AA

       PaleGreen
	   0x98FB98

       PaleTurquoise
	   0xAFEEEE

       PaleVioletRed
	   0xD87093

       PapayaWhip
	   0xFFEFD5

       PeachPuff
	   0xFFDAB9

       Peru
	   0xCD853F

       Pink
	   0xFFC0CB

       Plum
	   0xDDA0DD

       PowderBlue
	   0xB0E0E6

       Purple
	   0x800080

       Red 0xFF0000

       RosyBrown
	   0xBC8F8F

       RoyalBlue
	   0x4169E1

       SaddleBrown
	   0x8B4513

       Salmon
	   0xFA8072

       SandyBrown
	   0xF4A460

       SeaGreen
	   0x2E8B57

       SeaShell
	   0xFFF5EE

       Sienna
	   0xA0522D

       Silver
	   0xC0C0C0

       SkyBlue
	   0x87CEEB

       SlateBlue
	   0x6A5ACD

       SlateGray
	   0x708090

       Snow
	   0xFFFAFA

       SpringGreen
	   0x00FF7F

       SteelBlue
	   0x4682B4

       Tan 0xD2B48C

       Teal
	   0x008080

       Thistle
	   0xD8BFD8

       Tomato
	   0xFF6347

       Turquoise
	   0x40E0D0

       Violet
	   0xEE82EE

       Wheat
	   0xF5DEB3

       White
	   0xFFFFFF

       WhiteSmoke
	   0xF5F5F5

       Yellow
	   0xFFFF00

       YellowGreen
	   0x9ACD32

   Channel Layout
       A channel layout specifies the spatial disposition of the channels in a
       multi-channel audio stream. To specify a channel layout, FFmpeg makes
       use of a special syntax.

       Individual channels are identified by an id, as given by the table
       below:

       FL  front left

       FR  front right

       FC  front center

       LFE low frequency

       BL  back left

       BR  back right

       FLC front left-of-center

       FRC front right-of-center

       BC  back center

       SL  side left

       SR  side right

       TC  top center

       TFL top front left

       TFC top front center

       TFR top front right

       TBL top back left

       TBC top back center

       TBR top back right

       DL  downmix left

       DR  downmix right

       WL  wide left

       WR  wide right

       SDL surround direct left

       SDR surround direct right

       LFE2
	   low frequency 2

       Standard channel layout compositions can be specified by using the
       following identifiers:

       mono
	   FC

       stereo
	   FL+FR

       2.1 FL+FR+LFE

       3.0 FL+FR+FC

       3.0(back)
	   FL+FR+BC

       4.0 FL+FR+FC+BC

       quad
	   FL+FR+BL+BR

       quad(side)
	   FL+FR+SL+SR

       3.1 FL+FR+FC+LFE

       5.0 FL+FR+FC+BL+BR

       5.0(side)
	   FL+FR+FC+SL+SR

       4.1 FL+FR+FC+LFE+BC

       5.1 FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR

       5.1(side)
	   FL+FR+FC+LFE+SL+SR

       6.0 FL+FR+FC+BC+SL+SR

       6.0(front)
	   FL+FR+FLC+FRC+SL+SR

       hexagonal
	   FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+BC

       6.1 FL+FR+FC+LFE+BC+SL+SR

       6.1 FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+BC

       6.1(front)
	   FL+FR+LFE+FLC+FRC+SL+SR

       7.0 FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+SL+SR

       7.0(front)
	   FL+FR+FC+FLC+FRC+SL+SR

       7.1 FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+SL+SR

       7.1(wide)
	   FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+FLC+FRC

       7.1(wide-side)
	   FL+FR+FC+LFE+FLC+FRC+SL+SR

       octagonal
	   FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+BC+SL+SR

       downmix
	   DL+DR

       A custom channel layout can be specified as a sequence of terms,
       separated by '+' or '|'. Each term can be:

       ·   the name of a standard channel layout (e.g. mono, stereo, 4.0,
	   quad, 5.0, etc.)

       ·   the name of a single channel (e.g. FL, FR, FC, LFE, etc.)

       ·   a number of channels, in decimal, followed by 'c', yielding the
	   default channel layout for that number of channels (see the
	   function "av_get_default_channel_layout"). Note that not all
	   channel counts have a default layout.

       ·   a number of channels, in decimal, followed by 'C', yielding an
	   unknown channel layout with the specified number of channels. Note
	   that not all channel layout specification strings support unknown
	   channel layouts.

       ·   a channel layout mask, in hexadecimal starting with "0x" (see the
	   "AV_CH_*" macros in libavutil/channel_layout.h.

       Before libavutil version 53 the trailing character "c" to specify a
       number of channels was optional, but now it is required, while a
       channel layout mask can also be specified as a decimal number (if and
       only if not followed by "c" or "C").

       See also the function "av_get_channel_layout" defined in
       libavutil/channel_layout.h.

EXPRESSION EVALUATION
       When evaluating an arithmetic expression, FFmpeg uses an internal
       formula evaluator, implemented through the libavutil/eval.h interface.

       An expression may contain unary, binary operators, constants, and
       functions.

       Two expressions expr1 and expr2 can be combined to form another
       expression "expr1;expr2".  expr1 and expr2 are evaluated in turn, and
       the new expression evaluates to the value of expr2.

       The following binary operators are available: "+", "-", "*", "/", "^".

       The following unary operators are available: "+", "-".

       The following functions are available:

       abs(x)
	   Compute absolute value of x.

       acos(x)
	   Compute arccosine of x.

       asin(x)
	   Compute arcsine of x.

       atan(x)
	   Compute arctangent of x.

       atan2(x, y)
	   Compute principal value of the arc tangent of y/x.

       between(x, min, max)
	   Return 1 if x is greater than or equal to min and lesser than or
	   equal to max, 0 otherwise.

       bitand(x, y)
       bitor(x, y)
	   Compute bitwise and/or operation on x and y.

	   The results of the evaluation of x and y are converted to integers
	   before executing the bitwise operation.

	   Note that both the conversion to integer and the conversion back to
	   floating point can lose precision. Beware of unexpected results for
	   large numbers (usually 2^53 and larger).

       ceil(expr)
	   Round the value of expression expr upwards to the nearest integer.
	   For example, "ceil(1.5)" is "2.0".

       clip(x, min, max)
	   Return the value of x clipped between min and max.

       cos(x)
	   Compute cosine of x.

       cosh(x)
	   Compute hyperbolic cosine of x.

       eq(x, y)
	   Return 1 if x and y are equivalent, 0 otherwise.

       exp(x)
	   Compute exponential of x (with base "e", the Euler's number).

       floor(expr)
	   Round the value of expression expr downwards to the nearest
	   integer. For example, "floor(-1.5)" is "-2.0".

       gauss(x)
	   Compute Gauss function of x, corresponding to "exp(-x*x/2) /
	   sqrt(2*PI)".

       gcd(x, y)
	   Return the greatest common divisor of x and y. If both x and y are
	   0 or either or both are less than zero then behavior is undefined.

       gt(x, y)
	   Return 1 if x is greater than y, 0 otherwise.

       gte(x, y)
	   Return 1 if x is greater than or equal to y, 0 otherwise.

       hypot(x, y)
	   This function is similar to the C function with the same name; it
	   returns "sqrt(x*x + y*y)", the length of the hypotenuse of a right
	   triangle with sides of length x and y, or the distance of the point
	   (x, y) from the origin.

       if(x, y)
	   Evaluate x, and if the result is non-zero return the result of the
	   evaluation of y, return 0 otherwise.

       if(x, y, z)
	   Evaluate x, and if the result is non-zero return the evaluation
	   result of y, otherwise the evaluation result of z.

       ifnot(x, y)
	   Evaluate x, and if the result is zero return the result of the
	   evaluation of y, return 0 otherwise.

       ifnot(x, y, z)
	   Evaluate x, and if the result is zero return the evaluation result
	   of y, otherwise the evaluation result of z.

       isinf(x)
	   Return 1.0 if x is +/-INFINITY, 0.0 otherwise.

       isnan(x)
	   Return 1.0 if x is NAN, 0.0 otherwise.

       ld(var)
	   Load the value of the internal variable with number var, which was
	   previously stored with st(var, expr).  The function returns the
	   loaded value.

       lerp(x, y, z)
	   Return linear interpolation between x and y by amount of z.

       log(x)
	   Compute natural logarithm of x.

       lt(x, y)
	   Return 1 if x is lesser than y, 0 otherwise.

       lte(x, y)
	   Return 1 if x is lesser than or equal to y, 0 otherwise.

       max(x, y)
	   Return the maximum between x and y.

       min(x, y)
	   Return the minimum between x and y.

       mod(x, y)
	   Compute the remainder of division of x by y.

       not(expr)
	   Return 1.0 if expr is zero, 0.0 otherwise.

       pow(x, y)
	   Compute the power of x elevated y, it is equivalent to "(x)^(y)".

       print(t)
       print(t, l)
	   Print the value of expression t with loglevel l. If l is not
	   specified then a default log level is used.	Returns the value of
	   the expression printed.

	   Prints t with loglevel l

       random(x)
	   Return a pseudo random value between 0.0 and 1.0. x is the index of
	   the internal variable which will be used to save the seed/state.

       root(expr, max)
	   Find an input value for which the function represented by expr with
	   argument ld(0) is 0 in the interval 0..max.

	   The expression in expr must denote a continuous function or the
	   result is undefined.

	   ld(0) is used to represent the function input value, which means
	   that the given expression will be evaluated multiple times with
	   various input values that the expression can access through ld(0).
	   When the expression evaluates to 0 then the corresponding input
	   value will be returned.

       round(expr)
	   Round the value of expression expr to the nearest integer. For
	   example, "round(1.5)" is "2.0".

       sin(x)
	   Compute sine of x.

       sinh(x)
	   Compute hyperbolic sine of x.

       sqrt(expr)
	   Compute the square root of expr. This is equivalent to "(expr)^.5".

       squish(x)
	   Compute expression "1/(1 + exp(4*x))".

       st(var, expr)
	   Store the value of the expression expr in an internal variable. var
	   specifies the number of the variable where to store the value, and
	   it is a value ranging from 0 to 9. The function returns the value
	   stored in the internal variable.  Note, Variables are currently not
	   shared between expressions.

       tan(x)
	   Compute tangent of x.

       tanh(x)
	   Compute hyperbolic tangent of x.

       taylor(expr, x)
       taylor(expr, x, id)
	   Evaluate a Taylor series at x, given an expression representing the
	   "ld(id)"-th derivative of a function at 0.

	   When the series does not converge the result is undefined.

	   ld(id) is used to represent the derivative order in expr, which
	   means that the given expression will be evaluated multiple times
	   with various input values that the expression can access through
	   "ld(id)". If id is not specified then 0 is assumed.

	   Note, when you have the derivatives at y instead of 0,
	   "taylor(expr, x-y)" can be used.

       time(0)
	   Return the current (wallclock) time in seconds.

       trunc(expr)
	   Round the value of expression expr towards zero to the nearest
	   integer. For example, "trunc(-1.5)" is "-1.0".

       while(cond, expr)
	   Evaluate expression expr while the expression cond is non-zero, and
	   returns the value of the last expr evaluation, or NAN if cond was
	   always false.

       The following constants are available:

       PI  area of the unit disc, approximately 3.14

       E   exp(1) (Euler's number), approximately 2.718

       PHI golden ratio (1+sqrt(5))/2, approximately 1.618

       Assuming that an expression is considered "true" if it has a non-zero
       value, note that:

       "*" works like AND

       "+" works like OR

       For example the construct:

	       if (A AND B) then C

       is equivalent to:

	       if(A*B, C)

       In your C code, you can extend the list of unary and binary functions,
       and define recognized constants, so that they are available for your
       expressions.

       The evaluator also recognizes the International System unit prefixes.
       If 'i' is appended after the prefix, binary prefixes are used, which
       are based on powers of 1024 instead of powers of 1000.  The 'B' postfix
       multiplies the value by 8, and can be appended after a unit prefix or
       used alone. This allows using for example 'KB', 'MiB', 'G' and 'B' as
       number postfix.

       The list of available International System prefixes follows, with
       indication of the corresponding powers of 10 and of 2.

       y   10^-24 / 2^-80

       z   10^-21 / 2^-70

       a   10^-18 / 2^-60

       f   10^-15 / 2^-50

       p   10^-12 / 2^-40

       n   10^-9 / 2^-30

       u   10^-6 / 2^-20

       m   10^-3 / 2^-10

       c   10^-2

       d   10^-1

       h   10^2

       k   10^3 / 2^10

       K   10^3 / 2^10

       M   10^6 / 2^20

       G   10^9 / 2^30

       T   10^12 / 2^40

       P   10^15 / 2^40

       E   10^18 / 2^50

       Z   10^21 / 2^60

       Y   10^24 / 2^70

SEE ALSO
       ffmpeg(1), ffplay(1), ffprobe(1), libavutil(3)

AUTHORS
       The FFmpeg developers.

       For details about the authorship, see the Git history of the project
       (git://source.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg), e.g. by typing the command git log in
       the FFmpeg source directory, or browsing the online repository at
       <http://source.ffmpeg.org>.

       Maintainers for the specific components are listed in the file
       MAINTAINERS in the source code tree.

							       FFMPEG-UTILS(1)
